Sabyasachi Patra
05-04-2023, 03:09 PM
Mission Sahbhagita encourages participatory conservation and wise use of wetlands to enable a society ownership approach
As per the "National Wetland Decadal Change Atlas, 2017 published by Space Applications Centre- ISRO Ahmedabad, a total of 2,31,195 wetlands (at 1:50000 scales and area >= 2.25 ha) have been mapped in the Country. The total wetland area estimated is 15.98 million hectare (mha) including rivers and excluding paddy field areas that is around 4.86% of the geographic area of the country. The State/UT-wise wetland distribution including Odisha is at Annexure-1.
India has designated 75 Wetlands of International Importance as Ramsar sites covering an area of 1.33 million ha across the country.
As per the Wetlands (Conservation & Management) Rules, 2017, the National Wetlands Committee (NWC) at national level and State Wetlands Authorities (SWAs)/ Union TerritoryWetlandsAuthoritiesat state/ UT level have been constituted. The SWAs are responsible for effective conservation, management and monitoring of ecological conditionof wetlands within their jurisdiction. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has published comprehensive guidelines for implementing Wetlands (Conservation & Management) Rules, 2017. The above-said guidelines recommend the management of each notified wetland to be guided by an Integrated Management Plan (IMP) which inter-alia describes monitoring requirements for detecting changes in ecological character and for measuring the effectiveness of management.
Scientific details regarding the degraded wetlands across the country are not available, however, as per the ‘National Decadal Wetlands Change Atlas,’ released by MoEF&CC in February 2022, as an outcome of ‘National Wetland Inventory and Assessment – 2nd Cycle’ project of the Space Application Center, the number and extent of wetlands having area equal to or greater than 2.25 ha has increased by 18,810and 0.64 million ha respectively during the assessment period 2006-07 to 2017-18.
Ministry has taken several steps for conservation and management of wetlands across the country. MoEF&CC has notified Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017 under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 as regulatory framework for conservation and management of wetlands across country to conserve, manage and maintain the ecological character of the wetlands without restricting the wise use.
Further, MoEF&CC is implementing a centrally sponsored scheme namely, NPCA for conservation and management of identified wetlands (includes lakes) in the country on cost sharing basis between Central Government and respective State Governments including Odisha. The scheme covers various activities such as interception, diversion and treatment of wastewater, shoreline protection, lake front development, in-situ cleaning i.e., desilting & de-weeding, storm water management, bioremediation, catchment area treatment, lake beautification, survey & demarcation, bio-fencing, fisheries development, weed control, biodiversity conservation, education and awareness creation, community participation, etc. So far, MoEF&CC has sanctioned proposals for conservation of 165 wetlands across the country, including 42 Ramsar sites and released an amount of about Rs. 1088.852 Crores as central share. This amount includes central share of Rs. 37.08418 crores released so far to Government of Odisha for conservation and management of Chilika lake (Rs. 28.33288 cr.), Ansupa (Rs. 6.44468 cr.), Kanjia (Rs. 0.9563 cr.), Daha (Rs. 0.506 cr.) and Kuanria (Rs. 0.84432 cr.) in Odisha.
The Ministry had also undertaken ‘Wetlands Rejuvenation’ (https://indianwetlands.in/uploads/100-days-wetlands-brochure.pdf)programme within the framework of 169 transformative ideas of Government of India i.e. “Start work on Restoration & Rejuvenation of at least 100 major wetlands across the country”. In the first cycle of the programme, 130 wetlands were selected in consultation with State Governments for which collection of baseline information and rapid assessment of wetlands condition was done during the 100 days implementation period. Based on the health status, 32 wetlands were identified and concerned States/UTs were advised to take necessary action for their rejuvenation and restoration.
MoEF&CC has launched Mission Sahbhagita, which is an important step towards participatory conservation and wise use of wetlands to enable a society ownership approach with communities leading at the forefront. ‘Save Wetlands Campaign’ was launched as part of this Mission on 04.02.2023 at Goa on the occasion of World Wetlands Day 2023.
State-wise wetland distribution in India
Decadal wetland inventory in different States
S. No.
State Name
2017-18
Number
Area (ha)
Area (% of wetland)
1
Andhra Pradesh
24104
1141606
7.14
2
Arunachal Pradesh
1182
151104
0.95
3
Assam
5902
849078
5.31
4
Bihar
4526
374766
2.34
5
Chhattisgarh
11457
342443
2.14
6
Goa
742
24749
0.15
7
Gujarat
17613
3499429
21.9
8
Haryana
1905
33649
0.21
9
Himachal Pradesh
215
94011
0.59
10
Jharkhand
2635
187045
1.17
11
Karnataka
14936
787127
4.93
12
Kerala
1399
158336
0.99
13
Madhya Pradesh
13947
861736
5.39
14
Maharashtra
25935
1152625
7.21
15
Manipur
132
67408
0.42
16
Meghalaya
225
31002
0.19
17
Mizoram
127
19476
0.12
18
Nagaland
148
21118
0.13
19
Odisha
13331
719942
4.5
20
Punjab
1190
47024
0.29
21
Rajasthan
13321
778824
4.87
22
Sikkim
259
7049
0.04
23
Tamil Nadu
26883
925712
5.79
24
Telangana
12338
566680
3.55
25
Tripura
416
18438
0.12
26
Uttar Pradesh
18555
1104562
6.91
27
Uttarakhand
172
112882
0.71
28
West Bengal
12955
1130127
7.07
29
Andaman&Nicobar
2774
143238
0.9
30
Chandigarh
11
336
0
31
Dadra NagarHaveli
12
2063
0.01
32
Daman and Diu
59
2728
0.02
33
Delhi
123
2773
0.02
34
Jammu & Kashmir
404
164110
1.03
35
Lakshadweep
50
79716
0.5
36
Ladakh
1073
373049
2.33
37
Puducherry
139
5555
0.03
Total
231195
15981516
100
As per the "National Wetland Decadal Change Atlas, 2017 published by Space Applications Centre- ISRO Ahmedabad, a total of 2,31,195 wetlands (at 1:50000 scales and area >= 2.25 ha) have been mapped in the Country. The total wetland area estimated is 15.98 million hectare (mha) including rivers and excluding paddy field areas that is around 4.86% of the geographic area of the country. The State/UT-wise wetland distribution including Odisha is at Annexure-1.
India has designated 75 Wetlands of International Importance as Ramsar sites covering an area of 1.33 million ha across the country.
As per the Wetlands (Conservation & Management) Rules, 2017, the National Wetlands Committee (NWC) at national level and State Wetlands Authorities (SWAs)/ Union TerritoryWetlandsAuthoritiesat state/ UT level have been constituted. The SWAs are responsible for effective conservation, management and monitoring of ecological conditionof wetlands within their jurisdiction. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has published comprehensive guidelines for implementing Wetlands (Conservation & Management) Rules, 2017. The above-said guidelines recommend the management of each notified wetland to be guided by an Integrated Management Plan (IMP) which inter-alia describes monitoring requirements for detecting changes in ecological character and for measuring the effectiveness of management.
Scientific details regarding the degraded wetlands across the country are not available, however, as per the ‘National Decadal Wetlands Change Atlas,’ released by MoEF&CC in February 2022, as an outcome of ‘National Wetland Inventory and Assessment – 2nd Cycle’ project of the Space Application Center, the number and extent of wetlands having area equal to or greater than 2.25 ha has increased by 18,810and 0.64 million ha respectively during the assessment period 2006-07 to 2017-18.
Ministry has taken several steps for conservation and management of wetlands across the country. MoEF&CC has notified Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017 under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 as regulatory framework for conservation and management of wetlands across country to conserve, manage and maintain the ecological character of the wetlands without restricting the wise use.
Further, MoEF&CC is implementing a centrally sponsored scheme namely, NPCA for conservation and management of identified wetlands (includes lakes) in the country on cost sharing basis between Central Government and respective State Governments including Odisha. The scheme covers various activities such as interception, diversion and treatment of wastewater, shoreline protection, lake front development, in-situ cleaning i.e., desilting & de-weeding, storm water management, bioremediation, catchment area treatment, lake beautification, survey & demarcation, bio-fencing, fisheries development, weed control, biodiversity conservation, education and awareness creation, community participation, etc. So far, MoEF&CC has sanctioned proposals for conservation of 165 wetlands across the country, including 42 Ramsar sites and released an amount of about Rs. 1088.852 Crores as central share. This amount includes central share of Rs. 37.08418 crores released so far to Government of Odisha for conservation and management of Chilika lake (Rs. 28.33288 cr.), Ansupa (Rs. 6.44468 cr.), Kanjia (Rs. 0.9563 cr.), Daha (Rs. 0.506 cr.) and Kuanria (Rs. 0.84432 cr.) in Odisha.
The Ministry had also undertaken ‘Wetlands Rejuvenation’ (https://indianwetlands.in/uploads/100-days-wetlands-brochure.pdf)programme within the framework of 169 transformative ideas of Government of India i.e. “Start work on Restoration & Rejuvenation of at least 100 major wetlands across the country”. In the first cycle of the programme, 130 wetlands were selected in consultation with State Governments for which collection of baseline information and rapid assessment of wetlands condition was done during the 100 days implementation period. Based on the health status, 32 wetlands were identified and concerned States/UTs were advised to take necessary action for their rejuvenation and restoration.
MoEF&CC has launched Mission Sahbhagita, which is an important step towards participatory conservation and wise use of wetlands to enable a society ownership approach with communities leading at the forefront. ‘Save Wetlands Campaign’ was launched as part of this Mission on 04.02.2023 at Goa on the occasion of World Wetlands Day 2023.
State-wise wetland distribution in India
Decadal wetland inventory in different States
S. No.
State Name
2017-18
Number
Area (ha)
Area (% of wetland)
1
Andhra Pradesh
24104
1141606
7.14
2
Arunachal Pradesh
1182
151104
0.95
3
Assam
5902
849078
5.31
4
Bihar
4526
374766
2.34
5
Chhattisgarh
11457
342443
2.14
6
Goa
742
24749
0.15
7
Gujarat
17613
3499429
21.9
8
Haryana
1905
33649
0.21
9
Himachal Pradesh
215
94011
0.59
10
Jharkhand
2635
187045
1.17
11
Karnataka
14936
787127
4.93
12
Kerala
1399
158336
0.99
13
Madhya Pradesh
13947
861736
5.39
14
Maharashtra
25935
1152625
7.21
15
Manipur
132
67408
0.42
16
Meghalaya
225
31002
0.19
17
Mizoram
127
19476
0.12
18
Nagaland
148
21118
0.13
19
Odisha
13331
719942
4.5
20
Punjab
1190
47024
0.29
21
Rajasthan
13321
778824
4.87
22
Sikkim
259
7049
0.04
23
Tamil Nadu
26883
925712
5.79
24
Telangana
12338
566680
3.55
25
Tripura
416
18438
0.12
26
Uttar Pradesh
18555
1104562
6.91
27
Uttarakhand
172
112882
0.71
28
West Bengal
12955
1130127
7.07
29
Andaman&Nicobar
2774
143238
0.9
30
Chandigarh
11
336
0
31
Dadra NagarHaveli
12
2063
0.01
32
Daman and Diu
59
2728
0.02
33
Delhi
123
2773
0.02
34
Jammu & Kashmir
404
164110
1.03
35
Lakshadweep
50
79716
0.5
36
Ladakh
1073
373049
2.33
37
Puducherry
139
5555
0.03
Total
231195
15981516
100